Glossary
Tribalism
Tribalism is a fundamental bond amongst humankind. It is recognized by a sense of loyalty and creates unity based upon a common identity and commonality of purpose and culture
(for example people of the same tribe or ethnic background).
This becomes a problem when people of one tribe excludes others on the grounds of them not belonging to their tribe.
Institutionalisation of tribalism
Institutionalisation of tribalism happens when tribalism becomes part of the socio-political norm of a state.
This happens when, for example (i) people from a head of state's tribe being recruited into the army to maintain his or her grip on power or
(ii) people from a head of state's tribe occupying every senior ministerial position.
It is in this sort of climate that atrocities such as genocide and oppression take place. Darfur and Rwanda are two prime examples of this in modern day Africa.
Tribal Relations Councils
The notion of Tribal Relations Councils are an attempt to reverse the negative effects of the institutionalisation of tribalism.
Such councils would acknowledge the different prerogatives and needs of tribes, ensuring that all are given a voice and a role within the
socio-political sphere of the nation.
Furthermore, their aim would be to create a more overarching and lasting bond of unity which promotes understanding and well being for all;
under humanitarian principles.